Bacteria Associated with the Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus and Its Control Using Antibiotics

Internal parasitism, a significant cause of production losses in sheep, is routinely controlled by anthelmintic drenches. A better understanding and alternative control strategies are needed to combat the increasing resistance. This study investigated presence resident bacteria field strain Haemonchus contortus. Adult female worms were collected from abomasa sheep. DNA was extracted adult parasite eggs laid vitro using long or shorter enzymatic incubation methods. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) performed universal bacterial phylum Firmicutes-specific primers; PCR products cloned sequenced. The analysis sequences shows majority belong rumen bacteria, mainly Ruminococcus. Streptococcus detected four eggs, worm samples had very high homology database. Clostridium only samples, whereas Nevskia Pseudomonas egg samples. Three antibiotics, Ampicillin (Amp), Gentamycin (Gen) Tetracycline (Tet), individually combination, tested establish proof concept that abomasal nematode parasites can be killing bacteria. larval migration inhibition assay used test hypothesis. Tet (10 20 mM) resulted around 30% mortality larvae. Amp Gen did not result levels but, when given larvae, suggesting role antibiotics controlling targeting